Flat Roof

1. Ponding Water

• Water sits on the surface instead of draining
• Caused by poor slope or sagging
• Leads to leaks and faster wear

2. Cracks and Splits

• Occur in felt, rubber, or fibreglass surfaces
• Caused by temperature changes (expansion/contraction)

3. Blistering & Bubbling

• Air or moisture trapped under the surface
• Weakens the waterproof layer

4. Leaks

• Water penetrates through damaged areas
• Often shows as damp ceilings inside

5. Flashing Failure

• Edges and joints (especially near walls) can fail
• Water enters at weak points

6. UV Damage

• Sunlight breaks down roofing materials over time
• Leads to brittleness and cracks

7. Structural Sagging

• Roof deck may dip due to age or water weight
• Makes drainage worse — cycle of damage

minor Repairs

• Seal cracks with roofing compound
• Patch small damaged areas
• Clear debris blocking drainage

moderate Repairs

• Replace sections of felt, EPDM rubber, or fibreglass
• Improve drainage (adding outlets or slight slope)
• Repair flashing and edges

major Repairs

• Replace large sections of the roof covering
• Fix sagging deck or structure
• Upgrade insulation and waterproof layers

When Replacement Is Needed

• Frequent leaks
• Roof is 10–30+ years old (depending on material)
• Widespread cracking or sagging
• Repairs no longer effective

Installation Steps

1. 1

   Remove Old Roof

   • Strip old felt, rubber, or fibreglass
   • Expose the roof deck
2. 2

   Inspect Structure

   • Check timber or concrete deck
   • Replace any rotten or weak areas
3. 3

   Create Proper Fall (Slope)

   • Add firrings (angled timber strips) if needed
   • Ensure water drains correctly
4. 4

   Install Layers

   • Vapour control layer
   • Insulation boards
   • Waterproof membrane
5. 5

   Apply Roof Covering

   • Felt (torch-on) — traditional
   • EPDM rubber — durable and flexible
   • GRP fibreglass — strong and seamless
6. 6

   Finish Details

   • Flashing at edges and walls
   • Gutters and outlets installed
   • Edge trims fitted