Floor Structures

1. Cracking & Settlement (Concrete)

• Shrinkage cracks during drying
• Structural cracks from loading or settlement
• Uneven floors from poor sub-base compaction

2. Sagging & Deflection

• Joists or beams bending under load
• Bouncy or springy floors when walked on
• Doors catching where floors have dropped

3. Rot & Insect Damage (Timber)

• Wet or dry rot in damp joists or boards
• Woodworm damage in older floors
• Soft, spongy areas underfoot

4. Moisture & Surface Wear

• Damp patches and mould from missing DPM
• Loose tiles, screed cracking or peeling finishes
• Delamination in composite floors

minor Repairs

• Crack filling and surface sealing
• Replace individual damaged floorboards
• Re-fix loose tiles and reseal grout

moderate Repairs

• Self-levelling compound to correct uneven surfaces
• Reinforce joists with sister timbers
• New screed over a damaged base

major Repairs

• Replace whole sections of rotten or damaged floor
• Underfloor grouting to fill voids
• FRP or steel strengthening of beams
• Install new DPM and re-cast slab

When Replacement Is Needed

• New build ground and upper floors
• Replacing failed timber floors with concrete
• Adding a mezzanine or new floor level
• Loft conversion floor strengthening

Installation Steps

1. 1

   Solid Concrete Floor

   • Compact hardcore sub-base
   • Lay sand blinding and damp-proof membrane
   • Pour concrete oversite and finish with screed
2. 2

   Suspended Timber Floor

   • Build sleeper walls or use joist hangers
   • Install joists at correct centres and spans
   • Fix flooring grade boards or sheets
3. 3

   Beam & Block Floor

   • Lay precast beams across supports
   • Infill with concrete blocks
   • Grout joints and add structural topping if specified
4. 4

   Insulation & Finishes

   • Add thermal and acoustic insulation
   • Lay screed or self-levelling compound
   • Apply final floor finish (tile, timber, vinyl, carpet)